Ukraine's resistance has been emboldened by Russian failures from the start

Justin Bronk, an air power analyst at the Royal United Services Institute, said that Russian aircraft were continuing to fly at low levels which suggests there has been "no real progress on obtaining air superiority". Three Russian jets have been shot down in the past 36 hours. He said that Ukraine's shoulder-fired missile systems, such as Stinger and Igla, generally relied on the user being able to see the target. Without night-vision equipment, they were much less effective.