Episode 6: Trenchard and the Royal Air Force: Creation, Innovation and Power

Described as ‘the architect and patron saint of modern air power’, Marshal of the RAF Viscount Hugh Trenchard (1873–1956) was the first Chief of the Air Staff (January–April 1918 and 1919–1930).

An army officer badly wounded in the Boer War, he was among the first British military pilots and the frontline commander of the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War.

The RAF was formed on 1 April 1918, and Trenchard set firm foundations for its survival and development, often against bitter hostility from the other Services. His administrative skills, realism, tenacity and willingness to be unpopular created an organisation that saved the nation during the Battle of Britain.

His friend TE Lawrence (Season 3, Episode 7) argued that ‘The RAF is the finest individual effort in history. No other man has been given a blank sheet and told to make a Service from the ground up. It is your single work…’

Following retirement from the RAF, Trenchard was appointed as Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, where he set about a substantial reform agenda with the same single-mindedness.

Dr Harry Raffal is Head of Collections and Research at the RAF Museum. His doctorate, from the University of Hull, explores RAF and Luftwaffe operations during the evacuation of Dunkirk. He is a Committee member of the RAF Historical Society and the British Commission for Military History, and Vice-Chair of the Royal Aeronautical Society’s Aeronautical Heritage Group.

Hugh Trenchard, Air Ministry Pamphlet 229: Air Power: Three Papers by MRAF Viscount Trenchard, Air Ministry, 1946

Andrew Boyle, Trenchard: Man of Vision, Collins, 1962.

Russell Miller, The Life of Viscount Trenchard, Father of the Royal Air Force, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2016.

Peter Dye, The Birth of British Airpower: Hugh Trenchard, World War I, and the Royal Air Force, Naval Institute Press, 2024.

Gavin Lyle, ‘Marshal of the Royal Air Force the Viscount Trenchard’ in Field Marshal the Lord Carver (ed.), The War Lords: Military Commanders of the Twentieth Century, Leo Cooper, 2005 pp.176-187.

Vincent Orange, Trenchard, Hugh Montague, 1st Viscount Trenchard (1873-1956), OUP, 2004.