Dr Karin Von Hippel speaks at the Rīga Conference 2024

In many ways some of our institutions have proven to be incredibly robust - the EU, NATO, have done incredible things - on sanctions we've gone further in this case than we've ever gone before ... we still have these binary divides. When you talk about hybrid threats, I'd really like you to try to redefine it because the laws of war were written in such a different period. So you can have a cyber attack on critical civilian infrastructure and it's not entirely clear what kind of response is warranted. ...I think we need to be thinking very clearly about how we can upgrade our institutions and our responses and the way we think about these enormous challenges now because it's pretty depressing that in 2024 the blunt instrument of force is the preferred option ... I don't really know where diplomacy is right now...